Search results for " Cognitive reserve"
showing 4 items of 4 documents
Cognitive processess and cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis
2015
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is characterized by motor, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric symptoms, which can occur independently. While MS is traditionally considered an inflammatory disease of the white matter, degeneration of gray matter is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to the progressive cognitive decline. A protective factor against the progression of cognitive dysfunction in MS could be the cognitive reserve, defined as resistance to brain dysfunction. Aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of cognitive reserve for different aspects of cognitive dysfunction of patients with MS. We found that patients with MS and lower cognitive reserve have poorer neuropsychol…
Stroop task performance across the lifespan: High cognitive reserve in older age is associated with enhanced proactive and reactive interference cont…
2020
Abstract Susceptibility to interference increases with age but there is large inter-individual variability in interference control in older adults due to a number of biological and environmental factors. The present study aims at analyzing behavior and ERPs in a Stroop interference task with increasing difficulty in a sample of 246 young, middle-aged and healthy old participants. The old age group was divided into three subgroups based on performance scores. The results show a gradual performance reduction with increasing age and task difficulty. However, old high performers reached a performance level comparable to middle-aged subjects. The contingent negative variation (CNV) reflecting pr…
High cognitive reserve in bipolar disorders as a moderator of neurocognitive impairment
2017
BackgroundCognitive reserve (CR) reflects the capacity of the brain to endure neuropathology, minimize clinical manifestations and successfully complete cognitive tasks. The present study aims to determine whether high CR may constitute a moderator of cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder (BD).MethodsOne hundred and two patients with BD and 32 healthy controls were enrolled. All patients met DSM-IV criteria for I or II BD and were euthymic (YMRS ≤ 6 and HDRS ≤ 8) during a 6-month period. All participants were tested with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, and a Cerebral Reserve Score (CRS) was estimated. Subjects with a CRS below the group median were classified as having low C…
Impacto del bilingüismo sobre la estructura cerebral
2015
Tradicionalment la recerca neurocientífica sobre el bilingüisme s’ha centrat en les implicacions funcionals. El cervell és un òrgan en constant canvi durant tota la vida (per causes genètiques i no genètiques), i la intensitat i freqüència amb què usem el llenguatge fan del bilingüisme una condició d’elevada demanda cognitiva. En l’última dècada s’ha produït un progrés significatiu pel que fa als correlats neurals del processament i la representació del llenguatge, en gran part gràcies als avanços en les tècniques de neuroimatge. Nombrosos estudis han mostrat que el bilingüisme podria estar relacionat amb increments del volum de substància grisa i una integritat superior de la substància bl…